In the run up to the next COP, the previous year’s Presidency and the incoming Presidency work together to set out a multi-layered approach to identify and test solutions to the topics at the upcoming COP. This article focuses on the outcomes of the meetings and consultations that have taken place during 2021 since COP25. The discussions have focused on six key areas, their challenges and negotiation points.
As part of the European Union's (EU) Green Deal legislation, a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has been proposed that should work hand-in-hand with the EU Emissions Trade Scheme (ETS) Some individuals suggest the ETS already covers what the CBAM promises; for example, it is based on the purchase of certificates by importers and will be based on the weekly price of EU ETS allowances CBAMs have been trialled or are in the planning stage in different regions of the world such as California, Canada and Japan.
There is some evidence of non-state actors engagement in climate mitigation and adaptation, but is still limited. Non-state actors are also calling on the UNFCCC to enable them to have greater involvement in climate policy and its implementation.
Organic food production and consumption have skyrocketed in Europe. The EU organic regulation was created in 1991, and its mandatory logo came into force in 2010 The main aim of the EU organic regulation is to guarantee consumer confidence and ensure fair competition
Its Emissions Trading System is central to the EU’s efforts in reducing power and industrial emissions. In the cap-and-trade system, an overall amount of yearly emissions allowances is defined which can be traded among participants. Reforms have over the years improved the performance of the EU-ETS and a further tightening of its terms has recently been proposed.
Understanding the “S” component in ESG has posed challenges which are important to overcome. Using and integrating existing and upcoming technologies into supply chain analysis is a key recommendation for improving analysis of Social issues in ESG Rating agencies will play an important role in verifying Social impacts which are financially material, amplifying the existence of double materiality in reporting social and environmental issues
Peatlands, though only covering around 3% of the world’s landmass, are crucial for Earth’s climate. As they produce the prestage of lignite, they currently store double as much carbon as all the world’s forests combined.
The purpose of the RAMSAR convention is to protect wetland habitats such as coral reefs, marshes, swamps, underground cave systems, peat bogs and mangroves (plus many more). To date, 170 countries have ratified The RAMSAR Convention and an estimated 250 million hectares of wetlands are protected under it.
In Part 1, we explored the context and content of Silent Spring, investigating the relevance of the post-war period in the history of environmentalism. We also considered the threat agricultural DDT poses to ecosystems as well as Carson’s gentle scholarship. Today, we discuss the fallout from the chemical industry, see how it mirrors the persisting climate denial of today, as well as Carson’s enduring legacy in the field of environmentalism.
Non-state actors may not be Parties to the UNFCCC but they still play an important role in international climate politics. The Lima-Paris Action Agenda was an important milestone to strengthen Party - non-state actors collaboration. The Marrakech Partnership institutionalises cooperation.